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Germany

Deutschland

Capital:Berlin
Population:84.6M
Currency:Euro (EUR)
Language:German
Husarenkrapfen - German Christmas cookies.

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Quick Look Factsheet

A multi-page overview of Germany.

Germany Factsheet

Customs and Culture

Cultural Attributes

Germans have a reputation for being industrial, thrifty, and methodical. They are characterized by a strong sense of regional pride, an aspect that the federal government recognizes and takes into account. Most of them have a solid traditional education due to the enormous cultural heritage that the country has in areas such as music, history, and other branches of art, and therefore they expect others to appreciate such heritage.

While German is the official language spoken in Germany, the German language taught in schools and used in the media is often not the German spoken in everyday life. In many places, the various dialects have a strong influence on the language. English is widely understood, and many Germans from the former East Germany speak Russian.

Fishing ship docked in Hafen, Germany

Precision Crafted, Deeply Rooted

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6 more cultural topics for members

Social Customs & Etiquette · Diet · Family · Dating Customs · Recreation · Student Life

Holidays

  • Unity Day

    10/3
  • Birth date - George Frideric Handel

    2/23

    Birthday

    Birth date - George Frideric Handel, English composer, was born in Halle, Germany on Feb. 23, 1685.

  • Birth date - Wilhelm Carl Grimm

    2/24

    Birthday

    Birth date - Wilhelm Carl Grimm, collector of fairy tales, was born in Hanau, Germany on Feb. 24, 1786.

  • Birth date - Albert Einstein

    3/14

    Birthday

    Birth date - Albert Einstein, physicist, was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1879.

  • Birth date - Johann Sebastian Bach

    3/21

    Birthday

    Birth date - Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Thuringia (Now Germany) on March 21, 1685.

  • Birth date - Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen

    3/27

    Birthday

    Birth date - Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, inventor of the x/ray, was born in Remscheid-Lennep, Germany on March 27, 1845.

  • Birth date - Johannes Brahms

    5/7

    Birthday

    Birth date - Johannes Brahms, German composer, was born in the State of Hamburg, German Confederation. [now Hamburg, Germany] on May 7, 1833.

  • Birth date - Anne Frank

    6/12

    Birthday

    Birth date - Anne Frank, author of Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany on June 12, 1929.

  • Birth date - Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm

    1/3

    Birthday

    Birth date - Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm, German collector of fairy tales, was born in Hanau, Germany on Jan 3, 1785.

  • Birth date - Peter Paul Rubens

    6/29

    Birthday

    Birth date - Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish artist, was born June 29, 1577 in Siegen, Westphalia (Germany).

  • Christmas

    12/25

    Christmas

    As in many other European countries, on the eve of Dec. 6th children place a shoe or boot by the fireplace. During the night, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of children, hops from house to house carrying a book of sins in which all of the misdeeds of the children are written. If they have been good, he fills the shoe or boot with delicious holiday edibles. If they have not been good, their shoe is filled with twigs. December 21st, supposedly the shortest day (longest night) of the year, is dubbed St. Thomas Day. In parts of the Sauerland, whoever wakes up late or arrives late to work on that day is issued the title "Thomas Donkey." They are given a cardboard donkey and are the subject of numerous jokes throughout the day. But this gentle abuse ends deliciously with round, iced currant buns called "Thomasplitzchen."

Dates of Interest

  • December 25th

    As in many other European countries, on the eve of Dec. 6th children place a shoe or boot by the fireplace. During the night, St. Nicholas, the patron saint of children, hops from house to house carrying a book of sins in which all of the misdeeds of the children are written. If they have been good, he fills the shoe or boot with delicious holiday edibles. If they have not been good, their shoe is filled with twigs. December 21st, supposedly the shortest day (longest night) of the year, is dubbed St. Thomas Day. In parts of the Sauerland, whoever wakes up late or arrives late to work on that day is issued the title "Thomas Donkey." They are given a cardboard donkey and are the subject of numerous jokes throughout the day. But this gentle abuse ends deliciously with round, iced currant buns called "Thomasplitzchen."

How do people greet each other in Germany?

The handshake is the most common greeting, and titles with surnames are used except among close friends and family.

Do

  • Shake hands when greeting
  • Let the woman extend her hand first before shaking hands
  • In mixed groups, shake hands with women before men
  • Use titles and surnames unless you are close friends or family

Don’t

  • Don't have many people shake hands at once in large groups, as crossing arms over others is improper
  • Don't address people by first name unless they are close friends or family

Good to know

  • Addressing by first name is changing among the young

What are dining customs like in Germany?

Germans use the continental eating style, with the main meal traditionally at noon and a lighter evening meal (Abendbrot) of open-faced sandwiches.

Do

  • Keep hands above the table with wrists resting on the edge
  • Finish the food on your plate

Don’t

  • Don't cut potatoes or fish with a knife, as this implies they are not fully cooked
  • Don't leave food on your plate, as it's considered wasteful
  • Don't expect ice in your drinks, as cold drinks aren't considered healthy

Good to know

  • Common foods include potatoes, noodles, dumplings, sauces, cakes, and pastries
  • Every region has its own kind of wurst (sausage)
  • Turkish, Greek, Italian, and fast foods are popular

What etiquette should I know when visiting a German home?

Punctuality is appreciated and visits are arranged in advance; guests often bring flowers to their hosts.

Do

  • Arrive on time when invited
  • Bring an odd number of flowers for the hosts
  • Unwrap flowers before giving them
  • Stand when the host or a woman enters the room until offered a seat

Don’t

  • Don't drop by spontaneously, even on neighbors
  • Don't be insulted if guests arrive a few minutes late

Good to know

  • Arrangements are usually made in advance

How should I dress in Germany?

Clothing styles resemble those in the United States with a European flavor, and untidy attire is inappropriate in public.

Don’t

  • Don't wear sloppy or untidy attire in public

Good to know

  • Cosmetics are worn sparingly
  • Traditional regional costumes are often worn during festivals and celebrations

Which gestures matter in Germany?

Some gestures that seem harmless can be offensive, so be mindful of hand signals and displays of affection.

Do

  • To wish luck, squeeze the thumb between the index and middle fingers, keeping only the tip enclosed

Don’t

  • Don't point your index finger to your own head, as it insults another person
  • Don't let the thumb tip protrude when making the luck gesture, as it's offensive
  • Don't show public affection in some areas where it's inappropriate

Good to know

  • Germans wear their wedding rings on the right hand, not the left

What is family life like in Germany?

The father is generally the head of the family, families are small with one or two children, and many young people move out once they earn wages or attend university.

Good to know

  • Both parents often work, more so in the east than the west
  • Order, responsibility, and achievement remain traditional family values
  • People usually marry in their late twenties, and living together before or instead of marriage is common

What do people do for recreation in Germany?

Soccer (Fussball) is the national sport, and Germans enjoy a wide range of activities including swimming, tennis, skiing, hiking, and cycling.

Good to know

  • Swimming is very popular and almost every town has a public Schwimmbad
  • In winter, skiers flock to the German Alps and its many resorts
  • Mountainous areas have hundreds of kilometers of hiking trails
  • Windsurfing and sailing are enjoyed on lakes and rivers

Last updated: 2026-07-12 · Sources: CountryReports

Photos of Germany

Travel and Tourism

Travel Alert Status
Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution
Currency
0.94
Time Difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate
Germany is in the Temperate Zone and enjoys frequent weather changes, sometimes daily. The country has four distinct seasons with rainfall frequent in most months, especially in the autumn. Winter temperatures and snowfall tend to be more extreme in the southern part of the country where the average elevation is higher, but even low-lying Berlin has snowfalls and winter temperatures that occasionally dip below 10°F.
Airports
541
Recommended Vaccinations
How important is it to do your research about vaccinations? It might just save your life! Make yourself aware of the different types of vaccinations and which ones you may need to travel to your destination. Schedule an appointment with your doctor at least four to six weeks before you travel to ensure you receive all important shots. Be sure that you and your family are up to date on your routine vaccinations. Which vaccinations you need will depend on a number of factors including your destination, whether you will be spending time in rural areas, the season of the year you are traveling, your age, health status, and previous immunizations.
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Recipes

History

Historical Eras

  1. Germanic Antiquity

    500 BCE – 843

    Germanic tribes inhabited the territories east of the Rhine and north of the Danube, resisting Roman expansion — most famously when Arminius (Hermann) annihilated three Roman legions at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest in 9 CE. The Franks eventually unified much of the region under Charlemagne, who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800. The Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided the Carolingian Empire, establishing the foundations of a distinct East Frankish realm that would become Germany.

  2. Holy Roman Empire

    843 – 1648

    The medieval German kingdom coalesced under Saxon, Salian, and Hohenstaufen dynasties, with Otto I crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor in 962. Power struggles between emperors and popes, the Crusades, the Hanseatic League's commercial dominance, and Rudolf of Habsburg's rise in 1273 shaped the era. The Protestant Reformation, ignited by Martin Luther in 1517, shattered religious unity and culminated in the devastating Thirty Years' War, ended by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

  3. German Confederation

    1648 – 1871

    Following Westphalia, hundreds of fragmented German states operated under loose imperial structures until Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. The Congress of Vienna (1814–1815) replaced it with the German Confederation, a weak alliance of sovereign states. Prussia's ascendancy under Frederick the Great, the War of Austrian Succession, wars against Denmark and Austria, and Otto von Bismarck's shrewd diplomacy progressively consolidated German territories toward national unification.

  4. Imperial Germany

    1871 – 1918

    Bismarck's wars of unification culminated in the proclamation of the German Empire at Versailles in 1871, with Prussian King Wilhelm I as Kaiser. Rapid industrialization made Germany one of the world's foremost economic and military powers, while Bismarck's dismissal by Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1890 ushered in more aggressive foreign policies. Germany's role in World War I (1914–1918), triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, ended in catastrophic defeat and the Kaiser's abdication.

  5. Weimar, Third Reich & Division

    1918 – 1990

    The Weimar Republic struggled against economic collapse and political extremism before Adolf Hitler's Nazi regime seized power in 1933, unleashing World War II and the Holocaust. Defeat in 1945 left Germany occupied and divided: the democratic Federal Republic in the West and the Soviet-backed German Democratic Republic in the East, separated after 1961 by the Berlin Wall. Decades of Cold War division ended when mass protests and the Wall's opening in November 1989 led to formal reunification on October 3, 1990.

  6. Unified Germany

    1990 – present

    Reunified Germany rapidly became the cornerstone of European integration, deepening its commitment to the European Union and NATO while absorbing the substantial economic and social costs of rebuilding the former East. Helmut Kohl, Gerhard Schröder, and Angela Merkel — Europe's longest-serving modern leader — guided Germany through the euro's adoption, the 2008 financial crisis, the eurozone debt crisis, and the 2015 refugee surge. Today Germany stands as Europe's largest economy and a central pillar of the postwar liberal international order.

Overview

GERMANY WAS UNITED on October 3, 1990. Unification brought together a people separated for more than four decades by the division of Europe into two hostile blocs in the aftermath of World War II. The line that divided the continent ran through a defeated and occupied Germany.

Timeline of Key Events

  1. 9

    Hermann defeats Varus

    Hermann (Arminius) of the tribe Cherusci defeats the Roman governor Varus and 3 Roman legions in the Teutoburg Forest.

  2. 870

    Formation of the duchies of Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria and Lorraine

    Formation of the duchies of Franconia, Saxony, Bavaria and Lorraine.

  3. 919 – 1024

    The Saxon dynasty rule Germany

    The Saxon dynasty rule Germany.

  4. 962

    Otto I -- first emperor

    Otto I -- first emperor of the “Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation” crowned in Rome.

  5. 1039 – 1125

    Salian dynasty

    Salian dynasty.

  6. 1096

    The first Crusade

    The first Crusade.

  7. 1138 – 1254

    The Hohenstaufen dynasty

    The Hohenstaufen dynasty.

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Interesting Facts

  • Nearly half of all Germans are fluent in English, but only 3% of Germans speak French fluently.

  • Most Germans take environmental issues seriously. Public recycling bins can be found in all towns and cities. This attitude is also reflected in the policies of the Green Party, a political party that stresses environmental issues.

  • The Hanseatic League was established in northern Germany in the 14th century by trading companies (hansas) to combat piracy in the North and Baltic Seas. Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck are still known as Hanseatic cities.

  • Germans value punctuality. In Germany, if guests are invited for dinner at 8 p.m., they will arrive at 8 p.m., whereas in Canada it is considered polite to arrive a few minutes after the hour.

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Geography and Environment

Unified Germany comprises 16 states (Länder in the plural; singular: Land), of which three (Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg) are city-states. Berlin, with a population approaching four million, is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg, with the Brandenburg Land capital at Potsdam, a city that adjoins Berlin on the southwest. Bavaria is Germany’s largest land.
Terrain
lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Climate
Germany is in the Temperate Zone and enjoys frequent weather changes, sometimes daily. The country has four distinct seasons with rainfall frequent in most months, especially in the autumn. Winter temperatures and snowfall tend to be more extreme in the southern part of the country where the average elevation is higher, but even low-lying Berlin has snowfalls and winter temperatures which occasionally dip below 10°F.
Natural Hazards
flooding
Current Environmental Issues
emissions from coal-burning utilities and industries contribute to air pollution; acid rain, resulting from sulfur dioxide emissions, is damaging forests; pollution in the Baltic Sea from raw sewage and industrial effluents from rivers in eastern Germany; hazardous waste disposal; government established a mechanism for ending the use of nuclear power over the next 15 years; government working to meet EU commitment to identify nature preservation areas in line with the EU's Flora, Fauna, and Habitat directive
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People & Demographics

Religion

Languages Spoken

German

  • German

Population

Population
84,607,016
Population: Male/Female
male: 41,572,702 female: 42,546,398
Population Distribution
second most populous country in Europe; a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations, particularly in the far western part of the industrial state of North Rhine-Westphalia
Urban Population
urban population: 77.8% of total population rate of urbanization: 0.13% annual rate of change
Population in Major Urban Areas
3.574 million BERLIN (capital), 1.788 million Hamburg, 1.576 million Munich, 1.144 million Cologne, 796,000 Frankfurt
Nationality Noun
noun: German(s) adjective: German
Ethnic Groups
German 85.4%, Turkish 1.8%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Syrian 1.1%, Romanian 1%, Poland 1%, other/stateless/unspecified 8.3%
Language Note
German (official); note - Danish, Frisian, Sorbian, and Romani are official minority languages; Low German, Danish, North Frisian, Sater Frisian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, and Romani are recognized as regional languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Education

Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write

School buildings themselves may range from classic old buildings with great traditions and heritage to newly constructed buildings with the latest architecture. But they are always kept clean and are viewed as an important part of the local culture. Because of the cultural and governmental support given to schools, educational issues, in general, are not treated lightly.

In the classrooms, teachers are highly regarded, but the teacher-student and teacher-parent relationship can be somewhat casual and relaxed.

Computers play a big role in German education. Students are expected to use them to do homework, conduct research on the Internet, and may even learn to write their own programs in classes called “Informatics.”

Health Information

Life Expectancy at Birth
total population: 81.1 years male: 78.7 years female: 83.4 years
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 10.56 liters of pure alcohol beer: 5.57 liters of pure alcohol wine: 3.02 liters of pure alcohol spirits: 1.97 liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol
Tobacco Use
total: 22% male: 24.1% female: 19.9%
Infant Mortality Rate
total: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy at Birth
total population: 81.1 years male: 78.7 years female: 83.4 years
Median Age
total: 46.8 years male: 45.5 years female: 48.3 years
Age Structure
0-14 years: 13.8% (male 5,925,800/female 5,688,603) 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 26,705,657/female 25,875,865) 65 years and over: 23.7% (male 8,941,245/female 10,981,930)
Infant Mortality Rate
total: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.7 deaths/1,000 live births
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Government & Politics

Country Identity

Country Name
Germany
Full Country Name
Federal Republic of Germany
Local - Long
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Local - Short
Deutschland
Former Name
German Empire, German Republic, German Reich

Government Structure

Government Type
federal republic
Legal System
civil law system with indigenous concepts; judicial review of legislative acts in the Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Frank-Walter STEINMEIER (since 19 March 2017; reelected 13 February 2022 for a second term beginning 19 March 2022) head of government: Chancellor Friedrich MERZ (since 6 May 2025) cabinet: Cabinet or Bundesminister (Federal Ministers) appointed by the president on the recommendation of the chancellor elections: president elected for a five-year term by a Federal Convention, comprising all members of the Federal Assembly (Bundestag) and an equal number of delegates elected by the state parliaments (Landtage); chancellor elected by an absolute majority of the Federal Assembly for a four-year term following federal elections election results: Frank-Walter STEINMEIER reelected president on 13 February 2022; received 1,045 votes of the Federal Convention against 96 for Max OTTE; Friedrich MERZ elected chancellor on 6 May 2025 following the February 2025 federal elections, in which his CDU/CSU alliance secured a plurality; voted in by the Federal Assembly on the first ballot with 325 votes in favor
Legislative Branch
Bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Federal Assembly or Bundestag (736 seats; elected by popular vote under a system combining direct and proportional representation; a party must win 5% of the national vote or three direct mandates to gain representation; members serve four-year terms) and the Federal Council or Bundesrat (69 votes; state governments are directly represented by votes; each has three to six votes depending on population and are required to vote as a block) Elections: Federal Assembly - last held 23 February 2025 (next to be held by 2029); note - there are no elections for the Bundesrat; composition is determined by the composition of the state-level governments; the composition of the Bundesrat has the potential to change any time one of the 16 states holds an election Election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - CDU/CSU 28.5%, AfD 20.8%, SPD 16.4%, Greens 11.6%, FDP 4.3%, Left 8.8%, BSW 4.9%; seats by party - CDU/CSU 208, AfD 152, SPD 120, Greens 85, Left 64, BSW 0 (failed to clear the threshold); note - final seat allocations are subject to adjustment pending official certification
Judicial Branch
Federal Constitutional Court or Bundesverfassungsgericht (half the judges are elected by the Bundestag and half by the Bundesrat)
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Constitution
23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of the united German people 3 October 1990
Independence
18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, a
National Holiday
Unity Day, 3 October (1990)

Capital City

Capital Name
Berlin
Capital - geographic coordinate
52 31 N, 13 24 E
Capital Time Difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

the origin of the name is unclear but may be related to the old West Slavic (Polabian) word "berl" or "birl," meaning "swamp"

Military

Branches: Federal Armed Forces (Bundeswehr): Army (Heer); Navy (Deutsche Marine, includes naval air arm); Air Force (Luftwaffe); Joint Support Services (Streitkraeftebasis, SKB); Central Medical Service (Zentraler Sanitaetsdienst, ZSanDstBw)

Embassy / Diplomatic Mission

U.S. Embassy Berlin

Clayallee 170, 14191 Berlin

Tel. (49) (30) 8305-0 (emergency services only)

Tel. (49) (30) 8305-1200 (routine calls, 2-4 p.m. Monday-Thursday)

Fax (49) (30) 8305-1215

American Citizen Services e-mail: ACSBerlin@state.gov

U.S. Consulate General Frankfurt

Giessener Str. 30, 60435 Frankfurt am Main

Tel. (49) (69) 7535-0 (emergency services only)

Tel. (49) (69) 7535-2102 (routine calls, 2-4 p.m. Monday-Friday)

Fax (49) (69) 7535-2252

American Citizen Services e-mail: GermanyACS@state.gov

Passport Inquiries e-mail: FrankfurtPassports@state.gov

U.S. Consulate General Munich

Koeniginstrasse 5, 80539 Munich

Tel. (49) (89) 2888-0 (emergency services only, after hours)

Tel. (49) (89) 2888-580 (emergency services only, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday-Friday)

Tel. (49) (89) 2888-575 (routine calls, 8 a.m.-5 p.m. Monday-Friday)

Fax (49) (89) 280-9998

American Citizen Services e-mail: ConsMunich@state.gov

There is also a U.S. Consular Agency in Bremen at:

Flughafenallee 18, 28199 Bremen

Tel. (49) (421) 301-5860

Fax: (49) (421) 301-5861

Consular services are only provided at the Consulates General in Hamburg and Dusseldorf through periodic visits by consular staff from Berlin and Frankfurt, respectively.

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Economy

Germany boasts the largest economy in Europe and ranks as the third-largest in the world by nominal GDP, behind only the United States and China.

Snapshot

Currency Name and Code
Euro (EUR)
GDP — official exchange rate
$2,730,000,000,000 (USD)
GDP Real Growth Rate
-0.2%
GDP by Sector
agriculture: 1% industry: 31% services: 68%
Gini Index
28.3

News & Weather

Videos

1 curated YouTube videos.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the population of Germany?
The population of Germany is approximately 84.6M.
How do people greet each other in Germany?
The handshake is the most common greeting, and titles with surnames are used except among close friends and family. Do: Shake hands when greeting Let the woman extend her hand first before shaking hands In mixed groups, shake hands with women before men Use titles and surnames unless you are close friends or family Don't: Don't have many people shake hands at once in large groups, as crossing arms over others is improper Don't address people by first name unless they are close friends or family Addressing by first name is changing among the young
What are dining customs like in Germany?
Germans use the continental eating style, with the main meal traditionally at noon and a lighter evening meal (Abendbrot) of open-faced sandwiches. Do: Keep hands above the table with wrists resting on the edge Finish the food on your plate Don't: Don't cut potatoes or fish with a knife, as this implies they are not fully cooked Don't leave food on your plate, as it's considered wasteful Don't expect ice in your drinks, as cold drinks aren't considered healthy Common foods include potatoes, noodles, dumplings, sauces, cakes, and pastries Every region has its own kind of wurst (sausage) Turkish, Greek, Italian, and fast foods are popular
What etiquette should I know when visiting a German home?
Punctuality is appreciated and visits are arranged in advance; guests often bring flowers to their hosts. Do: Arrive on time when invited Bring an odd number of flowers for the hosts Unwrap flowers before giving them Stand when the host or a woman enters the room until offered a seat Don't: Don't drop by spontaneously, even on neighbors Don't be insulted if guests arrive a few minutes late Arrangements are usually made in advance
How should I dress in Germany?
Clothing styles resemble those in the United States with a European flavor, and untidy attire is inappropriate in public. Don't: Don't wear sloppy or untidy attire in public Cosmetics are worn sparingly Traditional regional costumes are often worn during festivals and celebrations
Which gestures matter in Germany?
Some gestures that seem harmless can be offensive, so be mindful of hand signals and displays of affection. Do: To wish luck, squeeze the thumb between the index and middle fingers, keeping only the tip enclosed Don't: Don't point your index finger to your own head, as it insults another person Don't let the thumb tip protrude when making the luck gesture, as it's offensive Don't show public affection in some areas where it's inappropriate Germans wear their wedding rings on the right hand, not the left
What is family life like in Germany?
The father is generally the head of the family, families are small with one or two children, and many young people move out once they earn wages or attend university. Both parents often work, more so in the east than the west Order, responsibility, and achievement remain traditional family values People usually marry in their late twenties, and living together before or instead of marriage is common
What do people do for recreation in Germany?
Soccer (Fussball) is the national sport, and Germans enjoy a wide range of activities including swimming, tennis, skiing, hiking, and cycling. Swimming is very popular and almost every town has a public Schwimmbad In winter, skiers flock to the German Alps and its many resorts Mountainous areas have hundreds of kilometers of hiking trails Windsurfing and sailing are enjoyed on lakes and rivers
What is the capital of Germany?
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany. Situated in the northeastern part of the country, Berlin has served as a major European capital for centuries and carries an outsized cultural and historical weight — from the Prussian Empire to the division and reunification of the country after the Cold War. Today it functions as the seat of Germany's federal parliament, the Bundestag, and is one of Europe's most visited cities.
Where is Germany located?
Germany is located in Central Europe, occupying a pivotal position on the continent. It stretches from the North Sea and Baltic Sea coastlines in the north to the Bavarian Alps in the south. As one of Europe's most populous and economically significant nations, Germany sits at the geographic and political heart of the European Union.
What countries border Germany?
Germany shares borders with nine countries, more than almost any other nation in Europe. Its neighbors are Denmark to the north; the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France to the west; Switzerland and Austria to the south; and the Czech Republic and Poland to the east. This central position has historically made Germany a crossroads of European trade, culture, and conflict.
What religion is practiced in Germany?
Protestant Christianity and Roman Catholicism are the two dominant religions in Germany, each accounting for roughly 34% of the population. The remaining approximately 28% identify as unaffiliated or belong to other religious traditions. Germany's Protestant identity traces back to the Reformation launched by Martin Luther in the 16th century, while Roman Catholicism remains strongest in the southern states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg.
What currency does Germany use?
Germany uses the Euro (EUR), the common currency shared by most member states of the European Union. Germany adopted the Euro in 2002, replacing the Deutsche Mark, which had been the national currency since 1948 and was regarded as a symbol of postwar economic stability and the country's celebrated economic recovery. As Europe's largest economy, Germany is a cornerstone of the Eurozone.
What language is spoken in Germany?
German is the sole official language of Germany and is spoken by virtually the entire population. It belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family and is also an official language in Austria, Switzerland, and several other European countries. Nearly half of all Germans are also fluent in English, making it by far the most widely spoken second language, while French fluency is comparatively rare at around 3% of the population.
What is the geography of Germany like?
Germany's terrain is remarkably varied, transitioning from flat coastal lowlands and broad river valleys in the north to the forested uplands of the central highlands and the dramatic peaks of the Bavarian Alps along the southern border with Austria. Major rivers including the Rhine, Elbe, and Danube have historically shaped settlement and trade patterns. Germany is also notable for its strong environmental consciousness — public recycling infrastructure is ubiquitous, and the influential Green Party has made ecological policy a lasting feature of national politics.
What is Germany known for?
Germany is known for its engineering and automotive exports — home to global brands such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Volkswagen — as well as its deep classical heritage in music, philosophy, and art. The annual Oktoberfest in Munich is one of the world's largest public festivals, drawing millions of visitors to celebrate Bavarian culture and beer-brewing tradition. Germany also has a rich mercantile history: the medieval Hanseatic League, founded in northern Germany in the 14th century, shaped Baltic trade for generations, and cities like Hamburg, Bremen, and Lübeck still carry the Hanseatic name with pride.

Last reviewed 2026