法国的政府与政治

国旗

旗帜象征

三条等宽的竖条纹,分别为蓝色(靠旗杆一侧)、白色和红色；被称为法国三色旗；这种设计和/或颜色与其他几面国旗相似,包括比利时、乍得、爱尔兰、科特迪瓦、卢森堡和荷兰的国旗；是所有法国附属领土的官方旗帜

旗帜历史

在法国大革命初期,三种颜色最初以圆形徽章的形式汇聚在一起。1789年7月,就在攻占巴士底狱之前,巴黎处于高度骚动状态。一支民兵队伍组建起来;其显著标志是由巴黎的古老颜色——蓝色和红色组成的双色圆形徽章。7月17日,路易十六来到巴黎承认新成立的国民卫队,佩戴着蓝色和红色的圆形徽章,卫队司令拉法耶特似乎在其中加入了王室的白色。 共和二年雨月27日(1794年2月15日)的法律确立了"三色旗"为国旗。根据画家大卫的建议,法律规定蓝色应位于靠近旗杆的一侧。 在整个19世纪,正统派保皇党人的蓝色与继承自大革命的三色旗相互抗衡。波旁王朝复辟时期重新引入了白旗,但路易-菲利普恢复了"三色旗",并在旗顶加上了高卢公鸡。 在1848年革命期间,临时政府采用了“三色旗”,但街垒上的民众挥舞红旗以示反抗。 在第三共和国时期,围绕三色旗逐渐形成了共识。从1880年起,每年7月14日向武装部队敬献军旗成为了充满爱国热情的时刻。 虽然法国王位觊觎者尚博尔伯爵始终不接受“三色旗”,但保皇党人最终在第一次世界大战期间团结在国旗周围。 1946年和1958年宪法(第2条)将"蓝、白、红"旗确立为共和国的国家象征。 如今,法国国旗可以在所有公共建筑物上看到。在国家纪念活动之际会升起国旗,并按照非常精确规定的仪式向其致敬。法国总统向公众发表讲话时,法国国旗经常作为背景出现。根据具体情况,它可能与欧盟旗帜或其他国家的旗帜一同展示。

采纳日期

1794年5月20日

国歌

国歌歌词

La Marseillaise Allons enfants de la patrie, Le jour de gloire est arrivé Contre nous de la tyrannie L'étendard sanglant est levé Entendez vous dans les campagnes, Mugir ces féroces soldats? Ils viennent jusque dans nos bras Egorger nos fils, nos compagnes! Refrain Aux armes, citoyens! Formez vos bataillons! Marchons! Marchons! Qu'un sang impur Abreuve nos sillons! Amour sacré de la patrie, Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs! Liberté, Liberté cherie, Combats avec tes defenseurs! Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire Accoure à tes males accents! Que tes ennemis expirants Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire! Refrain Nous entrerons dans la carrière Quand nos ainés n'y seront plus; Nous y trouverons leur poussière Et la trace de leurs vertus. Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre Que de partager leur cercueil, Nous aurons le sublime orgueil De les venger ou de les suivre! Refrain

国歌歌词（英文）

Arise children of the fatherland The day of glory has arrived Against us tyranny's Bloody standard is raised Listen to the sound in the fields The howling of these fearsome soldiers They are coming into our midst To cut the throats of your sons and consorts To arms citizens Form you battalions March, march Let impure blood Water our furrows What do they want this horde of slaves Of traitors and conspiratorial kings? For whom these vile chains These long-prepared irons? Frenchmen, for us, ah! What outrage What methods must be taken? It is we they dare plan To return to the old slavery! What! These foreign cohorts! They would make laws in our courts! What! These mercenary phalanxes Would cut down our warrior sons Good Lord! By chained hands Our brow would yield under the yoke The vile despots would have themselves be The masters of destiny Tremble, tyrants and traitors The shame of all good men Tremble! Your parricidal schemes Will receive their just reward Against you we are all soldiers If they fall, our young heros France will bear new ones Ready to join the fight against you Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors Bear or hold back your blows Spare these sad victims Who with regret are taking up arms against us But not these bloody despots These accomplices of Bouillé All these tigers who pitilessly Are ripping open their mothers' breasts We shall enter into the pit When our elders will no longer be there There we shall find their ashes And the mark of their virtues We are much less jealous of surviving them Than of sharing their coffins We shall have the sublime pride Of avenging or joining them Sacred Love for the Fatherland Lead and support our avenging arms Liberty, cherished liberty Join the struggle with your defenders Under our flags, let victory hasten to you virile (or manly) force So that in death your enemies See your triumph and our glory!

国歌历史

La Marseillaise, the French national anthem, was composed in one night during the French Revolution (April 24, 1792) by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, a captain of the engineers and amateur musician stationed in Strasbourg in 1792. It was played at a patriotic banquet at Marseilles, and printed copies were given to the revolutionary forces then marching on Paris. They entered Paris singing this song, and to it they marched to the Tuileries on August 10th. Ironically, Rouget de Lisle was himself a royalist and refused to take the oath of allegiance to the new constitution. He was imprisoned and barely escaped the guillotine. Originally entitled Chant de guerre de l'armée du Rhin (War Song of the Army of the Rhine), the anthem became called La Marseillaise because of its popularity with volunteer army units from Marseilles. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed July 14, 1795. La Marseillaise was banned by Napoléon during the Empire, and by Louis XVIII on the Second Restoration (1815), because of its revolutionary associations. Authorized after the July Revolution of 1830, it was again banned by Napoléon III and not reinstated until 1879.