地理与环境

马达加斯加的地理与环境

马达加斯加的地形、气候、自然资源、灾害和环境条件。

速度

概览

马达加斯加是世界第四大岛,仅次于格陵兰岛、新几内亚岛和婆罗洲,位于印度洋上,距离非洲东南海岸250英里。该岛面积226,658平方英里,长995英里,最宽处360英里。马达加斯加位于南纬8度至26度之间马达加斯加东海岸几乎呈一条直线,面向印度洋。西海岸面向莫桑比克海峡和非洲,轮廓更为曲折。一条从北到南贯穿全岛的山脉形成了东西之间明显的地理分界。沿着这条山脊的顶部是中央高地,这是一片海拔2,450至4,400英尺的高原地区。这条中央山脉在三个区域被更高的山地所点缀:最北端的察拉塔纳纳山地、首都塔那那利佛以南中部地区的安卡拉特拉山地,以及更南面的安德林吉特拉山地。中央高地的特点是梯田式的稻作山谷散布在光秃的丘陵之间。这里,覆盖岛屿大部分地区的红色红土层因侵蚀而裸露,这也说明了该国为何被称为"红色大岛"。向东方向,一道陡峭的悬崖从中央高地向下延伸,穿过一片茂密的雨林带,抵达狭窄的沿海平原。潘加拉内斯运河是一条由天然湖泊和人工湖泊通过运河连接而成的水系,沿东海岸平行延伸约300英里。从中央高地向西的下降更为平缓,其特点是残存的落叶林和类似稀树草原的平原。在南部和西南部,这些平原变得相当干燥,正是在这里可以找到独特的多刺沙漠和著名的猴面包树。在岛屿北部,察拉塔纳纳山地(海拔9,468英尺,是马达加斯加的最高点)将世界上最优良的天然港口之一迭戈苏瓦雷斯与岛屿的其他地区分隔开来。

地理特征

地形: 沿海为狭窄平原,中部为高原和山地
气候: Madagascar's geography creates many climatic subdivisions. The coastal climate is hot and tropical, with the east coast receiving the most rainfall (more than 160 inches of rain in Maroantsetra.). This is due to the effect of moisture-laden trade winds off the Indian Ocean as they encounter the steep escarpment of the Madagascar coastline. The east coast is also most affected by the cyclones which periodically hit the island, often causing extensive damage. East coast temperatures reach an average high of 85 in the summer and 72 in the winter. On the west coast, precipitation levels drop off from north to south. There are desert areas of the deep south which receive only 2 inches of rain per year. West coast temperatures are generally several degrees warmer than the east coast temperatures. The central highlands, where the capital Antananarivo is located, have a more temperate climate. There are two primary seasons; the rainy summer season, which lasts from approximately November through mid-March; and the dry season, from mid-March through October. In (southern) summer, there are periods of rain almost every day, often in the late afternoon. Cyclones, which can affect the coastal areas, do not reach the highlands, but their influence can cause extended periods of rain. The average daily high temperature in summer is in the mid 80's, with a hot mid-day sun alternating with the periods of rain. Nighttime lows average in the low 60's. The shoulder months of April, May and September, October are very pleasant, with little rain, blue skies, and daytime highs in the 70's. In the (southern) winter months of June-August, the skies are often sunny and daytime highs can reach the mid-to-high 60s. However, there are also chilly days which are overcast and windy with daytime highs in the 50's. Nighttime lows in winter can drop into the 40's in Antananarivo.
天气模式: http://voap.weather.com/weather/oap/MAXX0002?template=TRVLH&par=1003114983&unit=0&key=5b85ae1d85877a1b34827fba743e2133
最高点: 2876 — Maromokotro 2,876 m
最低点: Indian Ocean 0 m

边界和面积

面积（对比）: slightly less than twice the size of Arizona

自然资源与灾害

自然资源: 石墨、铬铁矿、煤炭、铝土矿、盐、石英、油砂、半宝石、云母、鱼类、水力发电
自然灾害: periodic cyclones, drought, and locust infestation

环境与土地使用

当前环境问题: 森林砍伐和过度放牧导致水土流失;土地荒漠化;地表水受到未经处理的污水和其他有机废弃物的污染;该岛特有的多种动植物物种濒临灭绝
国际协议: 缔约方:《生物多样性公约》、《气候变化公约》、《气候变化-京都议定书》、《防治荒漠化公约》、《濒危物种公约》、《有害废物公约》、《海洋法公约》、《海洋生物保护公约》、《保护臭氧层公约》、《船舶污染公约》、《湿地公约》已签署但未批准:所列协定均无

返回马达加斯加

马达加斯加的地理与环境

详细地理信息

地理特征

边界和面积

自然资源与灾害

环境与土地使用