地理与环境

厄瓜多尔的地理与环境

厄瓜多尔的地形、气候、自然资源、灾害和环境条件。

速度

概览

厄瓜多尔横跨赤道——这也是该国国名的由来——位于南美洲西海岸。安第斯山脉的两条南北走向山脉将该国划分为三个截然不同的区域:沿太平洋海岸分布着一条宽10至100英里的热带低地带,称为沿海地区(Costa),主要城市瓜亚基尔就坐落于此;海拔3,000至10,000英尺的高原地带称为山地地区(Sierra),基多位于此处;以及安第斯山脉以东的丛林低地,称为东部地区(Oriente),约占该国面积的一半。此外,加拉帕戈斯群岛(科隆群岛)位于距海岸640英里处。九个主要岛屿上居住着约15,000人,以及种类繁多、令人惊叹的野生动物,自1836年Charles Darwin到访以来,这些生物一直令科学家们着迷。厄瓜多尔大部分地区被赤道森林覆盖。其余部分由耕地农业区、沿海附近的一些干旱灌木地以及贫瘠的山脉组成,山脉中有22座海拔超过14,000英尺的高峰。这些高峰包括钦博拉索山(20,561英尺)和科托帕希火山,后者是世界第二高的活火山(19,347英尺)。从基多向南北延伸的壮观雪顶火山群被称为"火山大道",晴天时从飞机上俯瞰的景色令人叹为观止。在太平洋坡面上,主要河流是埃斯梅拉达斯河和瓜亚斯河。厄瓜多尔东部属于亚马孙流域,主要河流是纳波河和帕斯塔萨河。厄瓜多尔境内的亚马孙支流均无法通航远洋船只。

地理特征

地形: 沿海平原（costa）、安第斯山脉间的中部高地（sierra）以及地势平坦至起伏的东部丛林地区（oriente）
气候: Because of variations in altitude, Ecuador has a variety of climates. The lowlands are generally hot and humid. Temperatures on the coast are moderated by the Humboldt Current to a range of 65º F to 90º F. Temperatures in the Sierra are generally cool, ranging from 35º F to 75º F. Due to the altitude and thin air, temperature in direct sunlight can reach 85º F at midday. In the evenings it can range from pleasantly cool to very chilly. The tallest mountains are always snowcapped, but it never snows in the inhabited altitudes, although it hails occasionally. During the Sierra dry season, from June through September, gusty winds are common. In Quito the temperature pattern rarely changes from day to day or month to month. Mornings are cool and crisp, and midday is agreeably warm, unless skies are overcast. Fog and mist may occur in the mornings or evenings as low-lying clouds spill over the sides of the valley. Since Quito is such a short distance from the Equator, sunrise and sunset vary only slightly from 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. Average annual rainfall in Quito is 50 inches, with 43 inches falling from October through May, and 7 inches from June through September. Relative humidity averages 75%. Occasional tremors are registered in the area; these may or may not be perceptible to residents. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are infrequent but do remain a possibility.
天气模式: http://voap.weather.com/weather/oap/ECXX0008?template=TRVLH&par=1003114983&unit=0&key=5b85ae1d85877a1b34827fba743e2133
最高点: 6267 — Chimborazo 6,267 m
最低点: Pacific Ocean 0 m

边界和面积

面积（对比）: slightly smaller than Nevada
边境国家: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km

自然资源与灾害

自然资源: 石油、鱼类、木材、水力发电
自然灾害: frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts

环境与土地使用

当前环境问题: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands
国际协议: 参与的协定：《南极环境议定书》、《南极条约》、《生物多样性公约》、《气候变化公约》、《气候变化-京都议定书》、《防治荒漠化公约》、《濒危物种公约》、《危险废物公约》、《保护臭氧层公约》、《船舶污染公约》、《热带木材协定83》、《热带木材协定94》、《湿地公约》已签署但未批准：上述选定协定中无

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厄瓜多尔的地理与环境

详细地理信息

地理特征

边界和面积

自然资源与灾害

环境与土地使用