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FrançaisUnit 7: Industrial and Economic Development
Eight lessons covering all College Board CED topics for AP Human Geography Unit 7. The Industrial Revolution, the five economic sectors, Weber's least-cost theory, measures of development (GDP, GNI, HDI, GII), gender and microloans, four theories of development (Rostow, Wallerstein, dependency, commodity dependence), global trade and free-trade agreements, SEZs and deindustrialization, and sustainable development.
The 8 lessons in order
The Industrial Revolution
Origins in late-1700s Britain, diffusion to Continental Europe and beyond, new technologies and natural resources, social transformation, and the link to colonialism and imperialism.
Economic Sectors and Patterns
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary sectors; Weber's least-cost theory; break-of-bulk points; containerization; core, semiperiphery, and periphery locations.
Measures of Development
GDP, GNP, GNI per capita, formal and informal economy, income distribution, fertility, infant mortality, literacy, Gender Inequality Index (GII), and the Human Development Index (HDI).
Women and Economic Development
Shifting roles of women as economies develop, rising workforce participation, persistent wage and opportunity gaps, and microloans as a path to local small-business ownership.
Theories of Development
Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth, Wallerstein's World System Theory, dependency theory, and commodity dependence as alternative explanations for global development patterns.
Trade and the World Economy
Complementarity and comparative advantage; neoliberal free trade agreements (EU, WTO, Mercosur, OPEC); tariffs; debt crises and the IMF; microlending as a development strategy.
Changes as a Result of the World Economy
Outsourcing and deindustrialization; Special Economic Zones, Free-Trade Zones, and Export-Processing Zones; international division of labor; post-Fordism, just-in-time delivery, agglomeration, and growth poles.
Sustainable Development
Natural-resource depletion, mass consumption, pollution, and climate change as industrialization problems; ecotourism; the UN Sustainable Development Goals; and scale-effectiveness analysis.