Skip to main content
CountryReports

Select language

ENEnglishESEspañolZH中文HIहिन्दीFRFrançais
Sign In
Costa Rica flag

Costa Rica

Costa Rica

Capital:San Jose
Population:4.5M
Currency:Costa Rican colones (CRC)
Language:Spanish (official), English
Capuchin (white-faced) monkeys, Costa Rica

Declare Your Relationship to Costa Rica

See full leaderboard →

CountryReports Community

  • Studying1
  • From Costa Rica0
  • Costa Rica heritage0
  • Visited0
  • Want to visit0

Quick Look Factsheet

A multi-page overview of Costa Rica.

Costa Rica Factsheet

Customs and Culture

About the People

People generally work in order to secure financial stability. Getting a car

and/or a house is the main goal of the average Costa Rican worker. Wealth would be measured in the kind and number of cars one has, the size of the house, the area where one lives in, and of course the position one has at a workplace. The poorest members of society wish for the things by which wealth is measured; that is cars, money and real estate.

Cultural Attributes

People generally work in order to secure financial stability. Getting a car and/or a house is the main goal of the average Costa Rican worker. Wealth would be measured in the kind and number of cars one has, the size of the house, the area where one lives in, and of course the position one has at a workplace. The poorest members of society wish for the things by which wealth is measured; that is cars, money and real estate.

Capuchin (white-faced) monkeys, Costa Rica

Nature's Jewel, Democracy's Home

Greetings, Gestures & Visiting

The typical greeting phrases throughout the day are:

¿Qué mae, tuanis? ¿Todo bien? ¿Pura Vida?, which are used among young people or in closer social circles. More formally, in the morning people would generally say "Buenos días", whereas in the evening it would be "Buenas noches". In the afternoon people will greet each other saying "Buenas tardes". The most common one, however, would be "Buenas" throughout the entire day.

Men greet each other by shaking hands, and, if in a friendlier environment, they will generally pat each other on the shoulder and/or hug each other. Women are greeted with a kiss on the cheek.

"Personal space" of about 40 cm of distance between two people during conversation is common. Eye contact should be held, whereas physical contact is avoided. Patting someone on the shoulder, putting one's hand on another persons hand are only appreciated after a certain degree of intimacy is achieved. Men avoid physical contact with each other, whereas women tend to touch each other on the arms or shoulders more. Public displays of affection among couples are common.

Normally, people socialize in bars or restaurants, but also at the football (soccer) stadiums. If anyone visits without previous notice, the host wouldn't generally turn him away, and there would be some certain degree of resentment if the host did.

Western style clothing is worn. Clean, unwrinkled clothing is very important to urban working class. Generally jeans and shirts for young men, stretch jeans and tank tops for young women. Otherwise khakis and shirts for men and skirts/pants and blouses for women. Some areas require girls to wear uniforms to school.

Diet

Vigorón is a dish imported for Nicaragua, Costa Rica's neighbor country.

Breakfast and "morning coffee" vary depending on the person with the latest eating time about 10:30 AM. Lunch is had between 11:30 AM-1:30 PM. "Afternoon coffee" is at about 3:30 PM-5:30 PM and dinner at around 7:30 PM.

At mealtimes, the "coffees" and lunch are generally eaten out of the house. Children will eat them at school, workers normally eat lunch from home in the cafeteria, and bureaucrats will generally eat at restaurants. Dinner is mostly eaten at home.

Vigorón is a dish imported for Nicaragua, Costa Rica's neighbor country.

Trees near Limon, Costa Rica

Family

Extended family is the basis of society.  Several generations may live in the same house.  Visiting relatives is important and done often. Divorce once seen as a disgrace is growing, but separation and desertion is more common.  Parents of newborn children receive gifts from relatives and neighbors. The godparents traditionally take the infant to church for baptism.  A middle or upper-class girl's fifteenth (15) birthday is a special occasion called quince and is celebrated with a large party. Funerals by law are required to be held within 24 hrs of death.

Recreation

Costa Rica, known for its lush landscapes and biodiversity, offers a wide array of recreational activities that cater to both locals and tourists. The country's natural beauty provides the perfect backdrop for outdoor adventures, while its vibrant culture adds a unique flavor to recreational pursuits. Here are some of the popular recreational activities in Costa Rica:

Outdoor Adventures

Surfing: Costa Rica is a renowned surfing destination, with world-class breaks on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts. Popular surfing spots include Tamarindo, Santa Teresa, Jaco, and Puerto Viejo. The warm waters and consistent waves make it an ideal location for surfers of all levels.

Hiking and Trekking: With numerous national parks and protected areas, hiking is a favorite activity. Trails in places like Arenal Volcano National Park, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, and Corcovado National Park offer stunning views of volcanoes, waterfalls, and diverse wildlife.

Zip-lining and Canopy Tours: Costa Rica's rainforests provide the perfect setting for zip-lining and canopy tours. Locations like Monteverde and Arenal offer exhilarating experiences as you soar above the treetops and enjoy panoramic views of the forest.

Whitewater Rafting: The country's rivers, such as the Pacuare and Sarapiquí, offer exciting whitewater rafting experiences. These rivers cater to different skill levels, from beginner-friendly rapids to more challenging ones for experienced rafters.

Wildlife Watching: Costa Rica's biodiversity makes it a prime location for wildlife enthusiasts. Guided tours in places like Tortuguero National Park, Manuel Antonio National Park, and the Osa Peninsula provide opportunities to see monkeys, sloths, toucans, and sea turtles.

Water-Based Activities

Snorkeling and Diving: The clear waters of Costa Rica's coastlines and islands, such as Isla del Caño and the Gulf of Papagayo, are perfect for snorkeling and diving. The rich marine life includes colorful coral reefs, tropical fish, and even the occasional shark or ray.

Fishing: Sportfishing is a popular activity, with opportunities to catch marlin, sailfish, tuna, and dorado. Both deep-sea and freshwater fishing are available, with places like Quepos and Lake Arenal being well-known fishing spots.

Kayaking and Paddleboarding: Calm bays, rivers, and lakes offer ideal conditions for kayaking and paddleboarding. Exploring mangroves and coastal areas by kayak or paddleboard allows for a closer look at the natural surroundings.

Cultural and Relaxation Activities

Hot Springs: The volcanic activity in Costa Rica has created numerous hot springs, particularly in the Arenal and Rincón de la Vieja areas. These natural thermal waters are perfect for relaxation and rejuvenation.

Yoga and Wellness Retreats: The serene environment of Costa Rica makes it an ideal destination for yoga and wellness retreats. Many resorts and dedicated retreat centers offer yoga classes, meditation, and holistic therapies.

Cultural Festivals: Costa Ricans, known as Ticos, enjoy vibrant cultural festivals throughout the year. Events like the Fiestas de Palmares, Limon Carnival, and Independence Day celebrations showcase traditional music, dance, and food.

Coffee Tours: Coffee is a significant part of Costa Rica's culture and economy. Coffee plantation tours in regions like the Central Valley and Monteverde offer insights into the coffee-making process and the chance to sample some of the best coffee in the world.

Exploring Local Markets and Towns: Visiting local markets, such as the Mercado Central in San José, and exploring charming towns like Sarchí (known for its traditional crafts) provide a glimpse into daily life and local craftsmanship in Costa Rica.

Holidays

  • Independence Day

    9/15

    Independence Day

  • Christmas

    12/25

    Christmas

    Beginning on Christmas Eve, churches observe the Prayer of the Rosary of the Holy Child, a celebration that extends until Candlemas (February 2). Families also observe this prayer before their private portals (Nativity Scenes).

    Food for special holiday meals includes tamales (corn dough with meat filling and spicy sauce wrapped in plantain leaves and steamed), chica (liquor with ginger spice), escabeche (vinegar relish of carrots, peppers, onions, cauliflower, and green beans) eggnog, and queque Navideno (Christmas Cake).

    Just before New Year’s eve the Festival of Lights is held in San Jose. The festival includes parades with tropical floats, fireworks, clowns, cartoon characters, and goblins, culminating in a grand street carnival. El tope is a horse parade on Saint Stephen’s Day. This parade features horses imported from Peru and Spain. In the parade children ride with their parents.

    Aguinaldo is the Christmas bonus. It is not optional and all employers must pay it. Aguinaldo is based one one months salary and that salary must comply with the minimum wage laws based on occupation. The aguinaldo is usually paid around December 6th.

Dates of Interest

  • October

    A lively festival in the Caribbean city of Limón, celebrating Afro-Caribbean culture with parades, music, dancing, and colorful costumes.

How do people greet each other in CostaRica?

Greetings vary by time of day and formality; "Buenas" works throughout the entire day, while casual phrases like "¿Pura Vida?" are used among young people and close friends.

Do

  • Say "Buenos días" in the morning
  • Say "Buenas tardes" in the afternoon
  • Say "Buenas noches" in the evening
  • Use "Buenas" anytime as an all-day greeting

Good to know

  • Casual phrases like "¿Qué mae, tuanis?" and "¿Todo bien?" are for young people or close social circles

What are the eating customs in CostaRica?

Meals follow set times, with coffees and lunch often eaten outside the home and dinner mostly eaten at home.

Good to know

  • Lunch is eaten between 11:30 AM and 1:30 PM
  • "Afternoon coffee" is around 3:30 PM–5:30 PM
  • Dinner is around 7:30 PM, mostly at home
  • Vigorón is a dish imported from neighboring Nicaragua

What is the etiquette for socializing and personal space in CostaRica?

People keep about 40 cm of distance in conversation, maintain eye contact, and avoid physical contact until a degree of intimacy is reached.

Do

  • Maintain eye contact during conversation
  • Keep about 40 cm of personal space

Don’t

  • Don't pat someone's shoulder or touch their hand before you're close
  • Don't turn away a visitor who arrives without notice

Good to know

  • People socialize in bars, restaurants, and at football (soccer) stadiums
  • Public displays of affection among couples are common
  • Women tend to touch each other on the arms or shoulders; men avoid physical contact with each other

How should I dress in CostaRica?

Western-style clothing is worn, and clean, unwrinkled clothing is very important to the urban working class.

Do

  • Wear clean, unwrinkled clothing
  • Men: khakis and shirts, or jeans and shirts for young men
  • Women: skirts/pants and blouses, or stretch jeans and tank tops for young women

Good to know

  • Some areas require girls to wear school uniforms

What gestures are common in CostaRica?

Men greet each other with a handshake, adding a shoulder pat or hug in friendlier settings, while women are greeted with a kiss on the cheek.

Do

  • Shake hands when men greet
  • Greet women with a kiss on the cheek

What is family life like in CostaRica?

The extended family is the basis of society, and several generations may live in the same house.

Good to know

  • Visiting relatives is important and done often
  • A girl's fifteenth birthday (quince) is celebrated with a large party
  • Godparents traditionally take an infant to church for baptism
  • Funerals are required by law to be held within 24 hours of death

What do people do for recreation in CostaRica?

Costa Rica offers abundant outdoor adventures and cultural activities set against its lush landscapes and biodiversity.

Good to know

  • Surf at spots like Tamarindo, Santa Teresa, Jaco, and Puerto Viejo
  • Hike national parks like Arenal Volcano, Monteverde, and Corcovado
  • Try zip-lining, whitewater rafting, and wildlife watching
  • Relax at volcanic hot springs, take coffee tours, or explore local markets like Mercado Central in San José

Last updated: 2026-07-12 · Sources: CountryReports

Photos of Costa Rica

View all 32 photos

Travel and Tourism

Travel Alert Status
Level 2: Exercise Increased Caution
Currency
543.4
Time Difference
UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Climate
Altitude determines the climate throughout Costa Rica. Areas below 3,000 feet have average annual temperatures of around 80°, with little variation from month to month. The temperature drops from around 74° at 3,000 feet to 59 degrees at 5,000 feet. Above 5,000 feet, the average annual temperatures can range as low as 40 degrees to the mid-50s, with occasional frost during the coolest months. The temperature in San Jose is generally pleasant, with two seasons distinguished mainly by the rainfall. The dry season runs from December through April and the wet season extends from May through November. Even during the wet season the mornings generally are clear, with the afternoons and evenings dominated by heavy rains nearly every day. Relatively high winds often are present during the dry season. The average temperature in San Jose is 70 to 75° Fahrenheit. In December, the coolest month, the average temperature drops to around 65°. Temperatures drop into the 50s at night throughout the year. Humidity in San Jose averages 80 percent annually.
Airports
149
Premium Content

Read the full travel guide — health, safety, vaccinations, disease risk, sanitation, and transit details.

View full travel guide

Recipes

Featured Dish

Mesclun Salad with Goat Cheese and Cider Vinaigrette

Side Dish

Browse all 13 recipes

History

Historical Eras

  1. Pre-Columbian Era

    1000 BCE – 1502

    Before European contact, Costa Rica was home to diverse indigenous peoples, including the Chorotega, Bribri, and Boruca, who lived in small chiefdoms sustained by agriculture, trade, and craft. The region served as a cultural corridor between Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations. Relatively small population sizes and the absence of large centralized empires shaped the social landscape that Spanish colonizers would later encounter.

  2. Spanish Colonial Period

    1502 – 1821

    Christopher Columbus made the first European landfall on Costa Rica's Caribbean coast in 1502, and permanent Spanish settlement began in 1522. Administered as part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, the colony yielded little gold, pushing settlers toward smallholder agriculture. This scarcity fostered an unusually egalitarian society, ethnically homogeneous and geographically isolated from the major colonial centers of Mexico and Peru.

  3. Independence & Federation

    1821 – 1838

    Costa Rica joined the Central American provinces in declaring independence from Spain in 1821, subsequently becoming part of the United Provinces of Central America in 1823. Border disputes and political instability plagued the Federation from its inception, including the annexation of the Guanacaste Province from Nicaragua. By 1838, as the Federation dissolved in practice, Costa Rica formally proclaimed full sovereignty.

  4. Export & Nation-Building

    1838 – 1899

    As an independent republic, Costa Rica experienced transformative economic growth driven first by coffee exports from the 1840s and later by banana cultivation introduced by the United Fruit Company in the 1870s. These export booms widened class distinctions but also funded public infrastructure and education. The era was punctuated by the 1856 campaign against American filibuster William Walker, which became a defining moment of national identity.

  5. Democratic Consolidation

    1899 – 1949

    The elections of 1899 marked the beginning of genuine democratic governance, establishing a tradition interrupted only twice: by Federico Tinoco's dictatorship from 1917 to 1919 and by the disputed 1948 election that triggered a six-week civil war led by José Figueres Ferrer. The conflict, the bloodiest of the twentieth century in Costa Rica with over 2,000 deaths, ended with a landmark constitution in 1949 that abolished the military and guaranteed universal suffrage.

  6. Modern Democratic Era

    1949 – present

    Under the 1949 constitution, Costa Rica established itself as a stable, demilitarized democracy, with José Figueres winning the first election in 1953. The country diversified its economy beyond agriculture to include technology and tourism, achieving one of the highest standards of living in Latin America. Costa Rica also emerged as a regional peacemaker, with President Óscar Arias Sánchez earning the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize for brokering the Central American peace accords.

Overview

In 1502, on his fourth and last voyage to the New World, Christopher Columbus made the first European landfall in the area. Settlement of Costa Rica began in 1522. For nearly three centuries, Spain administered the region as part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala under a military governor. The Spanish optimistically called the country "Rich Coast." Finding little gold or other valuable minerals in Costa Rica, however, the Spanish turned to agriculture.

The small landowners’ relative poverty, the lack of a large indigenous labor force, the population’s ethnic and linguistic homogeneity, and Costa Rica’s isolation from the Spanish colonial centers in Mexico and the Andes all contributed to the development of an autonomous and individualistic agrarian society. An egalitarian tradition also arose. This tradition survived the widened class distinctions brought on by the 19th-century introduction of banana and coffee cultivation and consequent accumulations of local wealth.

Costa Rica joined other Central American provinces in 1821 in a joint declaration of independence from Spain. Although the newly independent provinces formed a Federation, border disputes broke out among them, adding to the region’s turbulent history and conditions. Costa Rica’s northern Guanacaste Province was annexed from Nicaragua in one such regional dispute. In 1838, long after the Central American Federation ceased to function in practice, Costa Rica formally withdrew and proclaimed itself sovereign.

An era of peaceful democracy in Costa Rica began in 1899 with elections considered the first truly free and honest ones in the country’s history. This began a trend continued until today with only two lapses: in 1917-19, Federico Tinoco ruled as a dictator, and, in 1948, Jose Figueres led an armed uprising in the wake of a disputed presidential election.

With more than 2,000 dead, the 44-day civil war resulting from this uprising was the bloodiest event in 20th-century Costa Rican history, but the victorious junta drafted a constitution guaranteeing free elections with universal suffrage and the abolition of the military. Figueres became a national hero, winning the first election under the new constitution in 1953. Since then, Costa Rica has held 13 presidential elections, the latest in 2002.

Timeline of Key Events

  1. 1502

    Christopher Columbus landed on the Caribbean shore of Costa Rica.

    Christopher Columbus landed on the Caribbean shore of Costa Rica on his fourth and last voyage to the New World.

  2. 1540

    Costa Rica becomes part of the vice-royalty of New Spain.

    Costa Rica becomes part of the vice-royalty of New Spain. Throughout the colonial period, Costa Rica remained one of the provinces ruled by the Spanish viceroyalty in Guatemala

  3. 1808

    Coffee plants are first brought to Costa Rica from Cuba.

    Coffee plants are first brought to Costa Rica from Cuba, and coffee quickly becomes the principal crop.

  4. 1821

    Central America declares itself independent from Spain.

    Central America declares itself independent from Spain.

  5. 1823

    Costa Rica joins the United Provinces of Central America.

    Costa Rica joins the United Provinces of Central America with El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.

  6. 1838

    Costa Rica becomes fully independent.

    Costa Rica becomes fully independent.

  7. 1849

    Costa Rica ousts American William Walker, who wanted to extend slavery .

    Costa Rica ousts American William Walker, who wanted to extend slavery to Central American countries in an expression of Manifest destiny. He invaded and named himself president of Nicaragua. Costa Rica, with the help of Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, defeated Walker and his supporters with 9,000 soldiers.

View full timeline (13 events)
Premium Content

Read the full history profile — narrative overview, defining eras, and the complete timeline in one place.

View expanded history

Interesting Facts

  • When a child loses a tooth the mother takes the tooth and has it plated with gold and made into an earring for the child to wear.

  • During the fourth voyage to the New World in 1502 Christopher Columbus landed at "Cariari," known today as Puerto Limon. Christopher Columbus actually named Costa Rica (rich coast) under the assumption that the land was filled with precious metals

  • Costa Rica has one of world’s largest varieties of flora, fauna.

Premium Content

See every fact — trivia, oddities, and curious tidbits gathered from across the country.

View all interesting facts

Geography and Environment

At 19,730 square miles, about four-fifths the size of West Virginia, Costa Rica is, with the exception of El Salvador and Belize, the smallest country in Central America. It is bounded on the North and Southeast by Nicaragua and Panama, respectively; on the East by the Caribbean Sea; and on the West and South by the Pacific Ocean. Limon, the major Caribbean port, is 2,400 miles from New York; Puerto Caldera, the principal Pacific port, is located 2,700 miles from San Francisco. A rugged central massif runs the length of the country, north to south, separating the coastal plains. Even though Costa Rica lies totally within the tropics, the range of altitudes produces wide climatic variety. The country has four distinct geographic regions: The Caribbean Lowlands are hot and humid, and comprise about one-fourth of the total area of Costa Rica. It is the major banana-exporting region. The lowlands contain less than 10 percent of the population. The Highlands are the economic, political, and cultural heart of the country, and include the Central and Talamanca mountain ranges and the Meseta Central where the capital, San Jose, is located. The Meseta, with elevations ranging from 3,000 to 4,500 feet, and adjacent areas contain nearly two-thirds of Costa Rica’s population. The region has rolling, well-drained land, productive soil, and pleasant sub-tropical temperatures, with an annual rainfall of 60-75 inches. The central highlands have most of Costa Rica's improved roads, and there is direct access to both coasts by paved highway and air. The Guanacaste Plains comprise the rolling section of northwest Costa Rica, and include portions of the provinces of Guanacaste and Puntarenas, plus the Nicoya Peninsula. Despite having the lowest average annual rainfall and the longest dry season, the region is important for agriculture and livestock production as well as a popular area for tourism. The area contains 15 percent of Costa Rica’s population. Southern Costa Rica is the wettest part of Costa Rica with some 10 percent of the population. San Jose, with a metropolitan population of over one million, is almost completely surrounded by mountains, and just a few minutes’ drive from the center of the city are foothills that offer a country atmosphere and lovely views. The central part of the capital is divided into four quadrants by Avenida Central running east and west, and Calle Central running north and south. The arrangement of streets is logical, but initially confusing: Odd-numbered avenues (avenidas) are located north of Avenida Central and even-numbered avenues are to the south; odd-numbered streets (calles) are east of Calle Central, and even-numbered streets are to the west. Street names or numbers are seldom used. Locations are given in relation to some landmark that may, or may not, be well known, such as a public building, a monument, a prominent intersection, or even a grocery store or gasoline station. Distances are expressed in meters (“metros” in Spanish), and 100 meters is roughly equivalent to a normal city block. At times, the point of reference is a landmark that once existed but no longer is standing, a practice that works for long-time residents of San Jose but generally adds to the considerable confusion. Most city streets in San Jose are paved, but many are narrow and rough, and congestion and noise are constant problems in the city. The pollution at times can be stifling. Potholes are a constant threat to the unwary, both in the city and in the countryside, and often are deep enough to damage vehicles. Open manholes are a danger as well, since theft of manhole covers seems to be a favorite activity in San Jose. Downtown commercial buildings usually have two or three stories, but newer structures are much taller. Residential sections have many modern homes of brick, wood, or concrete construction, with either tile or galvanized metal roofs. Large one-story or two-story residences are found in the suburbs where Embassy employees live. Parks of all sizes are located throughout the city.
Terrain
coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes
Climate
Altitude determines the climate throughout Costa Rica. Areas below 3,000 feet have average annual temperatures of around 80 degrees, with little variation from month to month. The temperature drops from around 74 degrees at 3,000 feet to 59 degrees at 5,000 feet. Above 5,000 feet, the average annual temperatures can range as low as 40 degrees to the mid-50s, with occasional frost during the coolest months. The temperature in San Jose is generally pleasant, with two seasons distinguished mainly by the rainfall. The dry season runs from December through April and the wet season extends from May through November. Even during the wet season the mornings generally are clear, with the afternoons and evenings dominated by heavy rains nearly every day. Relatively high winds often are present during the dry season. The average temperature in San Jose is 70 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. In December, the coolest month, the average temperature drops to around 65 degrees. Temperatures drop into the 50s at night throughout the year. Humidity in San Jose averages 80 percent annually.
Natural Hazards
occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season and landslides; active volcanoes
Current Environmental Issues
deforestation and land use change, largely a result of the clearing of land for cattle ranching and agriculture; soil erosion; coastal marine pollution; fisheries protection; solid waste management; air pollution
Premium Content

Read the full geography and environment profile — terrain, climate, natural resources, hazards, land use, and international agreements.

View full geography

People & Demographics

Religion

Languages Spoken

Spanish (official), English

  • Spanish

Population

Population
4,516,220
Population: Male/Female
male: 2,635,481 female: 2,630,094
Population Distribution
roughly half of the nation's population resides in urban areas; the capital of San Jose is the largest city and home to approximately one-fifth of the population
Urban Population
urban population: 82.6% of total population rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change
Population in Major Urban Areas
1.462 million SAN JOSE (capital)
Nationality Noun
noun: Costa Rican(s) adjective: Costa Rican
Ethnic Groups
White or Mestizo 83.6%, Mulatto 6.7%, Indigenous 2.4%, Black or African descent 1.1%, other 1.1%, none 2.9%, unspecified 2.2%
Language Note
Spanish (official), English

Demographic Profile

Costa Rica's political stability, high standard of living, and well-developed social benefits system set it apart from its Central American neighbors. Through the government's sustained social spending - almost 20% of GDP annually - Costa Rica has made tremendous progress toward achieving its goal of providing universal access to education, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, and electricity. Since the 1970s, expansion of these services has led to a rapid decline in infant mortality, an increase in life expectancy at birth, and a sharp decrease in the birth rate. The average number of children born per women has fallen from about 7 in the 1960s to 3.5 in the early 1980s to below replacement level today. Costa Rica's poverty rate is lower than in most Latin American countries, but it has stalled at around 20% for almost two decades.

Costa Rica is a popular regional immigration destination because of its job opportunities and social programs. Almost 9% of the population is foreign-born, with Nicaraguans comprising nearly three-quarters of the foreign population. Many Nicaraguans who perform unskilled seasonal labor enter Costa Rica illegally or overstay their visas, which continues to be a source of tension. Less than 3% of Costa Rica's population lives abroad. The overwhelming majority of expatriates have settled in the United States after completing a university degree or in order to work in a highly skilled field.

Education

Literacy Definition
age 15 and over can read and write

Health Information

Life Expectancy at Birth
total population: 80.3 years male: 77.7 years female: 82.9 years
Major Infectious Diseases — degree of risk
degree of risk: intermediate food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea vectorborne diseases: dengue fever
Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 3.07 liters of pure alcohol beer: 2.17 liters of pure alcohol wine: 0.15 liters of pure alcohol spirits: 0.36 liters of pure alcohol other alcohols: 0.39 liters of pure alcohol
Tobacco Use
total: 8.8% male: 12.9% female: 4.6%
Child Marriage
women married by age 15: 2% women married by age 18: 17.1%
Infant Mortality Rate
total: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy at Birth
total population: 80.3 years male: 77.7 years female: 82.9 years
Median Age
total: 35.5 years male: 34.9 years female: 36.1 years
Age Structure
0-14 years: 18.8% (male 506,041/female 482,481) 15-64 years: 70.2% (male 1,862,872/female 1,832,024) 65 years and over: 11.1% (male 266,568/female 315,589)
Infant Mortality Rate
total: 6.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.3 deaths/1,000 live births
Premium Content

Read the full people and society profile — demographics, health, education, religion, languages, and notable people.

View full people and society

Government & Politics

Country Identity

Country Name
CostaRica
Full Country Name
Republic of Costa Rica
Local - Long
Republica de Costa Rica
Local - Short
Costa Rica

Government Structure

Government Type
democratic republic
Legal System
based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Executive Branch
chief of state: President Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (since 8 May 2022); Vice President Mary MuniveESTRADA (since 8 May 2022); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (since 8 May 2022); Vice President Mary Munive ESTRADA (since 8 May 2022); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet selected by the president elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held on 6 February 2022, with a runoff on 3 April 2022 (next to be held in February 2026) election results: Rodrigo CHAVES Robles elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 27.3%, Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 16.8%, Fabricio ALVARADO Munoz (PNR) 14.9%, other 41%; percent of vote in runoff - Rodrigo CHAVES Robles (PPSD) 52.8%, Jose Maria FIGUERES Olsen (PLN) 47.2%; CHAVES assumed the presidency on 8 May 2022
Legislative Branch
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (57 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 5 February 2006 (next to be held February 2010) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PLN 25, PAC 18, PML 6, PUSC 4, other 4
Judicial Branch
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (22 justices are elected for eight-year terms by the Legislative Assembly)
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Constitution
7-Nov-49
Independence
15 September 1821 (from Spain)
National Holiday
Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Capital City

Capital Name
San Jose
Capital - geographic coordinate
9 56 N, 84 05 W
Capital Time Difference
UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time)

named in honor of Saint Joseph

Military

Branches: no regular military forces; Ministry of Public Security, Government, and Police

Embassy / Diplomatic Mission

Embassy San Jose

Calle 120 Avenida 0,

Pavas, San José, Costa Rica

Telephone: [506] 2519-2000

Emergency after-hours telephone: [506] 2519-2000

Facsimile: [506] 2200-2455

Premium Content

Read the full government profile — flag symbolism, national anthem, and other national symbols.

View full government details

Economy

Costa Rica has one of the most stable economies in Latin America, driven by tourism, agriculture, medical devices, and high-value services exports. The country has successfully diversified beyond traditional agricultural exports such as coffee and bananas, with medical instruments, electronics, and business services now representing major sources of foreign exchange. Poverty rates have declined over recent decades, supported by a robust social safety net, universal healthcare, and strong investment in education, though inequality remains a persistent challenge.

Foreign investors continue to be drawn by the country's political stability, well-educated workforce, and strategic location, with multinational firms in pharmaceuticals, technology, and shared services maintaining a significant presence. Tourism rebounded strongly following the pandemic, once again ranking as a top source of foreign currency. However, the government continues to grapple with high public debt and persistent fiscal deficits, which prompted Costa Rica to enter a financing arrangement with the International Monetary Fund and pass fiscal reforms aimed at stabilizing public finances.

Inflation, which spiked in 2022 amid global price pressures, has since moderated, and the Central Bank has gradually eased monetary policy. Costa Rica became the first Central American country to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development in 2021, reinforcing its commitment to structural reforms, regulatory modernization, and an improved investment climate. The Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), ratified more than a decade ago, continues to shape trade relations with the United States, its largest trading partner.

Snapshot

Currency Name and Code
Costa Rican colones (CRC)
GDP — official exchange rate
$19,380,000,000 (USD)
GDP Real Growth Rate
4%
Gini Index
46.5

Banknotes

Costa Rica Money - Front
Costa Rica Money - Front
Costa Rica Money - Back
Costa Rica Money - Back

Budget & Public Finance

Fiscal Year
calendar year
Annual Budget
$3,195,000,000 (USD)
Public Debt (% of GDP)
53.2%
External Debt
$3,633,000,000 (USD)
Investment (% of GDP)
18%
Current Account Balance
-$1,179,000,000 (USD)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange
$2,147,483,647 (USD)

Labor, Industry & Trade

Labor Force by Occupation
agriculture 20%; industry 22%; services 58%
Household Income — highest 10%
36.8%
Industries
microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products
Agriculture Products
coffee, pineapples, bananas, sugar, corn, rice, beans, potatoes; beef; timber
Export Commodities
coffee, bananas, sugar; pineapples; textiles, electronic components, medical equipment
Export Partners
US 29.1%, Netherlands 8.2%, UK 4.2%, Mexico 4%
Import Commodities
raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment, petroleum
Import Partners
US 35.4%, Japan 4.3%, Mexico 3.9%

Energy

Oil Production
0 bbl/day
Oil Consumption
40,000 bbl/day
Oil Reserves
0 bbl/day
Natural Gas Production
0 cu m
Natural Gas Consumption
0 cu m
Natural Gas Imports
0 cu m
Natural Gas Exports
0 cu m
Natural Gas Reserves
0 cu m

Communications

Telephone System
general assessment: good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; under the terms of CAFTA-DR, the state-run telecommunications monopoly is scheduled to be opened to competition from domestic and international firms, but has been slow to open to competition domestic: point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available international: country code - 506; landing points for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1), MAYA-1, and the Pan American Crossing submarine cables that provide links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and the US; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Internet Country Code
.cr

News & Weather

Current Weather

Loading current conditions…
Loading forecast…

Latest News

News via Google News

Climate Overview

Altitude determines the climate throughout Costa Rica. Areas below 3,000 feet have average annual temperatures of around 80°, with little variation from month to month. The temperature drops from around 74° at 3,000 feet to 59 degrees at 5,000 feet. Above 5,000 feet, the average annual temperatures can range as low as 40 degrees to the mid-50s, with occasional frost during the coolest months.

The temperature in San Jose is generally pleasant, with two seasons distinguished mainly by the rainfall. The dry season runs from December through April and the wet season extends from May through November. Even during the wet season the mornings generally are clear, with the afternoons and evenings dominated by heavy rains nearly every day. Relatively high winds often are present during the dry season.

The average temperature in San Jose is 70 to 75° Fahrenheit. In December, the coolest month, the average temperature drops to around 65°. Temperatures drop into the 50s at night throughout the year. Humidity in San Jose averages 80 percent annually.

Videos

1 curated YouTube videos.

  • Source: YouTube

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the population of Costa Rica?
The population of Costa Rica is approximately 4.5M.
How do people greet each other in CostaRica?
Greetings vary by time of day and formality; "Buenas" works throughout the entire day, while casual phrases like "¿Pura Vida?" are used among young people and close friends. Do: Say "Buenos días" in the morning Say "Buenas tardes" in the afternoon Say "Buenas noches" in the evening Use "Buenas" anytime as an all-day greeting Casual phrases like "¿Qué mae, tuanis?" and "¿Todo bien?" are for young people or close social circles
What are the eating customs in CostaRica?
Meals follow set times, with coffees and lunch often eaten outside the home and dinner mostly eaten at home. Lunch is eaten between 11:30 AM and 1:30 PM "Afternoon coffee" is around 3:30 PM–5:30 PM Dinner is around 7:30 PM, mostly at home Vigorón is a dish imported from neighboring Nicaragua
What is the etiquette for socializing and personal space in CostaRica?
People keep about 40 cm of distance in conversation, maintain eye contact, and avoid physical contact until a degree of intimacy is reached. Do: Maintain eye contact during conversation Keep about 40 cm of personal space Don't: Don't pat someone's shoulder or touch their hand before you're close Don't turn away a visitor who arrives without notice People socialize in bars, restaurants, and at football (soccer) stadiums Public displays of affection among couples are common Women tend to touch each other on the arms or shoulders; men avoid physical contact with each other
How should I dress in CostaRica?
Western-style clothing is worn, and clean, unwrinkled clothing is very important to the urban working class. Do: Wear clean, unwrinkled clothing Men: khakis and shirts, or jeans and shirts for young men Women: skirts/pants and blouses, or stretch jeans and tank tops for young women Some areas require girls to wear school uniforms
What gestures are common in CostaRica?
Men greet each other with a handshake, adding a shoulder pat or hug in friendlier settings, while women are greeted with a kiss on the cheek. Do: Shake hands when men greet Greet women with a kiss on the cheek
What is family life like in CostaRica?
The extended family is the basis of society, and several generations may live in the same house. Visiting relatives is important and done often A girl's fifteenth birthday (quince) is celebrated with a large party Godparents traditionally take an infant to church for baptism Funerals are required by law to be held within 24 hours of death
What do people do for recreation in CostaRica?
Costa Rica offers abundant outdoor adventures and cultural activities set against its lush landscapes and biodiversity. Surf at spots like Tamarindo, Santa Teresa, Jaco, and Puerto Viejo Hike national parks like Arenal Volcano, Monteverde, and Corcovado Try zip-lining, whitewater rafting, and wildlife watching Relax at volcanic hot springs, take coffee tours, or explore local markets like Mercado Central in San José
What is the capital of Costa Rica?
San José is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica, serving as the country's political, cultural, and economic hub. Situated in the Central Valley at an elevation of roughly 1,170 metres, it enjoys a mild climate year-round. The city is home to the national government, major universities, and the country's primary international airport, making it the gateway through which most visitors enter Costa Rica.
Where is Costa Rica located?
Costa Rica is located in Central America, the narrow isthmus connecting North and South America. It lies between roughly 8° and 11° North latitude, giving it a tropical climate influenced by both the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country has been recognised as a regional success story for its political stability and relatively high standard of living compared to many of its neighbours.
What countries border Costa Rica?
Costa Rica shares land borders with two countries: Nicaragua to the north and Panama to the south. To the west lies the Pacific Ocean and to the east the Caribbean Sea. These maritime boundaries, combined with the country's varied terrain, contribute to Costa Rica's remarkable biodiversity, which includes one of the world's largest varieties of flora and fauna relative to its land area.
What is the predominant religion in Costa Rica?
Roman Catholicism is the dominant religion in Costa Rica, practised by approximately 76 percent of the population and recognised as the official state religion. Evangelical Christianity accounts for around 13 percent of the population, and the remaining share is divided among other Christian denominations, indigenous beliefs, and non-religious residents. Religious observance is woven into public life, with Catholic feast days forming an important part of the national calendar.
What currency is used in Costa Rica?
The official currency of Costa Rica is the Costa Rican colón, with the ISO code CRC. Named after Christopher Columbus — whose Spanish name is Cristóbal Colón — it reflects a direct historical connection to the explorer who landed on Costa Rica's Caribbean coast at present-day Puerto Limón during his fourth voyage to the New World in 1502. The US dollar is widely accepted in tourist areas, though the colón remains the legal tender for everyday transactions.
What language is spoken in Costa Rica?
Spanish is the official language of Costa Rica and is spoken by the vast majority of the population. English is also recognised and is commonly spoken in tourist regions, business centres, and along the Caribbean coast, where Creole English has historically been used by Afro-Caribbean communities. The government promotes Spanish-language education, and Costa Rica maintains a notably high literacy rate by regional standards.
What is Costa Rica known for?
Costa Rica is known internationally for its ecotourism industry, its pioneering decision to abolish its military in 1948, and its exceptional biodiversity, hosting one of the world's largest varieties of flora and fauna. The country is a major exporter of coffee and bananas, agricultural products that have shaped its economy for over a century. A distinctive local custom involves mothers having a child's first lost tooth gold-plated and fashioned into an earring — a tradition that underscores the country's blend of practical values and personal sentiment.
What type of government does Costa Rica have?
Costa Rica is a presidential republic, in which the president serves as both head of state and head of government. The country has one of the most stable democratic traditions in Latin America, with only two brief periods of political violence interrupting its democratic development since the late 19th century. The abolition of the military in 1949 redirected defence spending toward education and healthcare, contributing to the country's relatively high standard of living and strong social indicators.

Last reviewed 2026

Video LibraryCompareArticlesGlobal ContentActivitiesLessonsRecipesBlogInternet CitationGlossary